These articles are based on observations and test findings from our usability research on cart and checkout.

Format the “Expiration Date” Fields Exactly the Same as the Physical Credit Card (72% Don’t)
Our UX testing found that difficulty inputting their credit card expiration date needlessly delayed users from placing orders — yet 72% of sites fail at this. See our latest Checkout findings.
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Checkout UX 2025: 10 Pitfalls and Best Practices

Ecommerce Gifting UX: 4 Ways to Provide a Superior Gifting UI and Flow

10 Cyber Monday UX Best Practices

Phone Number UX: Always Explain Why the “Phone Field” Is Required (39% Don’t)

4 “Online Grocery” Ecommerce UX Best Practices

6 Ways to Improve the Relevance of Cross-Sells in the Cart (52% of Desktop Sites Don’t Do Enough)
Our large-scale usability testing reveals that product recommendations and offers that appear unrelated to the user’s cart contents erode confidence in the site and its recommendations — even relevant ones.
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The ‘Credit Card Number’ Field Must Allow and Auto-Format Spaces (80% Don’t)

Checkout UX: Avoid “Apply” Buttons for Most Fields (22% of Sites Don’t)

4 Ways to Improve UX for Ecommerce Mass Merchant Sites

5 Best Practices for Communicating Sustainability in Ecommerce

4 Ways to Improve the Post-Checkout UX

Checkout Optimization: 5 Ways to Minimize Form Fields in Checkout
Checkout optimization: the average number of form fields in checkout is 11.3 — and 22% of users have abandoned due to checkout complexity. See how to reduce form fields to optimize checkout.
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Desktop UX Trends: 10 Common Pitfalls & Best Practices

Reasons for Cart Abandonment – Why 70% of Users Abandon Their Cart (2025 data)

Drop-Down Usability: When You Should (and Shouldn’t) Use Them

Checkout Optimization: 5 Ways to Minimize Form Fields in Checkout

2024 E-Commerce Checkout: Expanded and Updated Checkout Research Findings

Payment Method UX: Designing Payment Selection
A subgroup of users relies on third-party payment options to complete their checkout — yet 21% of sites only accept 1 method. See our latest test findings on payment method UX.
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Retain Data in Sensitive Credit Card Fields after Validation Errors (34% Don’t)

Usability Testing of Inline Form Validation: 31% Don’t Have It, 4% Get It Wrong

Improve Validation Errors with Adaptive Messages (98% Don’t)

Have an Address Validator (47% Don’t)

6 Ways to Get More Out of Your Order Confirmation Page

Checkout UX 2025: 10 Pitfalls and Best Practices
In Baymard's latest benchmark of 180+ leading ecommerce sites, 64% performed "mediocre" or worse in Checkout UX. Here are 10 common Checkout UX pitfalls and strategies for improving Checkout UX.
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Form Field Usability: Avoid Extensive Multicolumn Layouts (16% Make This Form Usability Mistake)

Format the “Expiration Date” Fields Exactly the Same as the Physical Credit Card (72% Don’t)

Always Collapse Completed Accordion Checkout Steps into Summaries

Save Account Creation for the Confirmation Step (42% Don’t)

Payment Method UX: Designing Payment Selection

Phone Number UX: Always Explain Why the “Phone Field” Is Required (39% Don’t)
14% of users will abandon checkout if “phone” is simply required. Testing shows users just need an explanation of why the phone field is required — yet 39% of ecommerce sites don’t.
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Include All Order-Fulfillment Options in the Fulfillment-Selector Interface (50% Don’t)

Use “Delivery Date” Not “Shipping Speed” (41% Don’t) — From UX Research to Implementation Roadmap

Checkout Usability: Autodetect “City” and “State” Inputs Based on the User’s Postal Code (28% of Mobile Sites Don’t)

Provide a “Fully Automatic Address Lookup” Feature (55% Don’t)

Make “Guest Checkout” the Most Prominent Option (47% Don’t)

The ‘Credit Card Number’ Field Must Allow and Auto-Format Spaces (80% Don’t)
15% of sites don’t actively aid users in typing their 16-digit card number by autoformatting it with spaces. Learn why it's so important.
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Use “Shipping Address” as “Billing Address” by Default (16% of Mobile Sites Have Implementation Issues)

Avoid Unnecessarily Complex Password-Creation Requirements (82% Don’t)

Form Usability: Getting ‘Address Line 2’ Right

Use Buttons or Buttons Plus an Open Text Field for Updating Cart Quantity (61% Don’t)

250+ New Examples Added from Large-Scale Testing on European Sites

Baymard Update: 13 New Case Studies and 3 New 2021 Benchmarks (Checkout, Product Page, and On-Site Search UX)

6 Ways to Improve the Relevance of Cross-Sells in the Cart (52% of Desktop Sites Don’t Do Enough)

4 Design Patterns That Violate “Back” Button UX Expectations – 59% of Sites Get It Wrong

5 ‘Credit Card Form’ Implementations That Make ‘L.L. Bean’ Best-in-Class

5 ‘Order Review’ UX Implementations That Make Office Depot Best-in-Class

Checkout Optimization: From 16 Form Fields to 8 Fields (keynote presentation)

E-Commerce Checkouts Need to Mark Both Required Fields and Optional Fields Explicitly (Only 14% Do So)

CAPTCHAs Have an 8% Failure Rate, and 29% if Case Sensitive

Remove Select Features When There’s Only One Option Left (14% Don’t)

Consider Using Localized Input Masks for ‘Phone’ and Other Restricted Inputs (64% Aren’t Taking Advantage of Input Masking)

5 Common Usability Pitfalls of Custom Designed Drop-Downs (31% Have Drop-Down UI Issues)

How Users Perceive Security During the Checkout Flow (Incl. New ‘Trust Seal’ Study 2023)

Accordion UX: The Pitfalls of Inline Accordion and Tab Designs

Fixing Bugs – the Next ‘Big Thing’ in E-Commerce?

Form Usability: Validations vs Warnings

How to Recoup 30% of “Card Declined” Abandonments

Users Continue to Double-Click Online

Which Site Seal do People Trust the Most? (2013/2016 Survey Results)

A Holistic View on the Current State of Checkout Usability

Add Descriptions To Checkout Form Labels (92% Get It Wrong)

Why Your Checkout Process Should Be Completely Linear

Accordion Style Checkouts – The Holy Grail of Checkout Usability?

Visually Reinforce Your Credit Card Fields (89% Get it Wrong)

Checkout Experience: Don’t Require Seemingly Unnecessary Information (61% Get it Wrong)

A Consistent Shopping Experience With Product Thumbnails

Idea: Error-Fields Only

Checkout Usability: Apply Changes Immediately and Near the Input

Observation: Users Will Go Far to Avoid Repeat Form Errors

E-Commerce Copywriting: Returning Customer?

Account ‘Sign Up’: Ask to Confirm E-mail, Not Password

One Page Checkouts – the Holy Grail of Checkout Usability?

E-Commerce: Why Customers Abandon Their Shopping Cart

User Expectations: Create an Illusion of Space

Form Field Usability: Matching User Expectations

People Think Registration Leads to “Spam”

325 top sites ranked by UX performance.

18,000+ annotated designs for systematic inspiration.

Code samples, demos, and key stats for usability.